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U.S. Declassified Documents Online (USDD) - vorher unter dem Namen: Declassified Documents Reference System (DDRS) - bietet Zugriff auf Dokumente, die von den US-Regierungsstellen freigegeben wurden. Die Datenbank enthält über 85.000 Dokumente mit einem Gesamtumfang von mehr als 525.000 Seiten. Es handelt sich um eine maßgebliche Quelle zu den Themen der amerikanischen Innen- und Außenpolitik nach dem 2. Weltkrieg und enthält u.a.: – Protokolle von Kabinetts-Sitzungen – Stellungnahmen des nationalen Sicherheitsrates – Untersuchungen der CIA – Material aus Konferenzen mit dem Präsidenten – Politische Analysen des Außenministeriums – Veröffentlichungen der Oberkommandeure der US-Streitmächte.

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  1. remove 1960 3.108
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    Canada, Discussion Paper on [the present draft is criticized because it presents no issues but concentrates almost entirely on Canadian attitudes; in addition the paper does not discuss US oil restrictions, participation by Canadian industry in production of defense equipment, information exchanges on non-military defense, or some of the developments affecting US-Canadian relations]. Briefing Note, George Weber, for Planning Board Meeting of May 24, 1960. May 24, 1960. 2 p. TOP SECRET. SANITIZED copy. Released Aug. 23, 1979. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Project "Clean Up": Records, 1953-61, Folder: Relations with Canada, Box 6.

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    [Defense. Unified commanders should have the same disciplinary authority over peripheral reconnaissance flights there, joint targeting in Omaha, and means to eliminate duplication of intelligence activities in the services are discussed.] Memorandum of Conference [Dwight D. Eisenhower, Pres.; Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, Chairman, JCS; Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, Staff Secy to the Pres.]. Oct. 12, 1960. 4 p. SECRET. SANITIZED copy. Declassified Dec. 18, 1978. Eisenhower Library, Papers as President of the U.S., 1953-61 (Ann Whitman File), DDE Diaries, Folder: Staff Notes, Oct. 1960 (1), Box 34.

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    Disarmament, US Thinking on [in his remarks McNamara said that the US is currently Currencies [the US has larger foreign currency holdings than is generally assumed; basic misunderstandings have contributed to accumulation; the holdings are creating serious foreign policy problems. The solution to the problem will have to be both economically acceptable and politically possible. Systematic explanation of the mechanism of local currency generation must be made, concentrating on the role PL 480 plays as the largest source of local currency; a more liberal grant policy must be used when currency holdings reach surplus levels instead of continuing to sell commodities; the authority to waive the requirement for the use of foreign currencies in govt. transactions should be transferred from the BOB to the Secy of State; the requirement that the US receive 10% of PL 480 sales receipts should be dropped when currency accumulations are judged in excess; excess holdings should be used for supplementary programs when no additional dollars need to be appropriated]. Report of Findings and Recommendations, Consultants on International Finance and Economic Problems, to C. Douglas Dillon, Under Secy of State. Apr. 4, 1960. 35 p. App: (I) Excess Accumulation of U.S.-Owned Local Currencies, The Problem in Figures [a conservative estimate indicates the US will have an excess accumulation of $10 billion by 1963 and $12 billion in 1965]. Report. 9 p.; (II) Use of U.S.-Owned Surplus Local Currencies by U.S. Agencies, Two Case Summaries Illustrating the Restrictive Trend [a technical project with Israel and possible USIA activities are forwarded as examples]. Report. 12 p. CONFIDENTIAL. Declassified Oct. 29, 1979. Eisenhower Library, US Council on Foreign Economic Policy, Office of the Chairman (Joseph M. Dodge and Clarence B. Randall): Records, 1954-61, Randall Series, Subject Subseries, Box 8, Folder: Local Currencies.

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    European, Western, Dependence on Middle East Petroleum [Treasury Department comments on the June 23, 1960 Progress Report by the Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization on "Means of Retarding Western Europe's Increasing Reliance on Middle East Oil and of Reducing Effects on Western Europe of Complete or Partial Denial of Middle East Oil Resources." Treasury does not concur in the report's analysis or conclusion. Middle East bargaining strength is already diminished. World oil supplies are in surplus, the Saudis are interested in joining Venezuela to control the production and price of oil, new oil exporters are facing marketing difficulties, there is less concern in Western Europe or among oil companies, and recent North African oil discoveries provide an alternative source. Further, the political situation in the Middle East has stabilized somewhat. The report is also based on normal demand for oil, rather than the lower hard-core needs in an emergency. US policy is not to help finance development abroad where private capital is available, as in the oil industry, nor would the US finance in such a risky area as oil and when other fields have a higher priority]. Memorandum, John P. Weitzel, Dep. to the Secy of the Treasury, to Gordon Gray, Spec. Asst. to the Pres. for Nat. Security Affairs. July 21, 1960. 5 p. SECRET. Declassified Nov. 7, 1979. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Office of the Spec. Asst. for Nat. Security Affairs: Records, 1952-61, Box 59, NSC 5820--Policy toward the Near East.

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    [Balance of payments. Gold and dollar holdings in the hands of foreigners could amount to $6,432 billion in CY 1960 and could create a crisis for the US and Free World. Development Loan Fund arrangements are not resulting in increased purchasing from the US by foreign countries. NATO countries that are capable of carrying a greater share of their own defense costs are not doing so. Dependents should be kept from accompanying servicemen overseas, NATO should assume a larger share of its own defense costs, Germany should help the US pay for the cost of maintaining troops there, logistic areas in Europe should be integrated, embassies should reexamine their personnel levels, foreign countries should be encouraged to relax restrictions on their citizens touring in the US, DLF should attempt to tie all its loans, and the funding of projects in Latin America should try to favor those that would result in additional US purchases.] Memorandum for the Record, Gen. Wilson B. Persons, Asst. to the Pres. [meeting of the President, Secy and Under Secy of the Treasury, Under Secy of State, Secy and Dep. Secy of Defense, and Dir. of the Budget]. Oct. 4, 1960. 7 p. SECRET. SANITIZED copy. Released Dec. 18, 1978. Eisenhower Library, Papers as President of the U.S., 1953-61 (Ann Whitman File), DDE Diaries, Folder: Staff Notes, Oct. 1960 (2), Box 34.

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    Philippines, U.S. Policy toward the. NSC 5813/1. Transmittal Memorandum, James S. Evaluation of progress in accomplishing US objectives as outlined in NSC 5813/1: there has been some economic improvement; problems over base negotiations and Philippine breaches of trade agreement continue; inefficiency and corruption in govt. also continue]. Report, Operations Coordinating Board. Mar. 30, 1960. 4 p. SECRET. Declassified Oct. 12, 1979. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, Records, 1952-61, NSC 5813/1--Policy toward the Philippines, Box 59.

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    [Defense. The Air Force command and control Systems (designated L systems) have been programmed independently. A high order of cross-connection and integration with other Air Force and DOD systems is called for and they should be budgeted and funded accordingly in 1962. The fifteen principal computer systems underway for command, intelligence and warning, control, and support are described.] [President's Science Advisory Committee?] Memorandum, W. O. Baker, Member, and Consultant, Defense Dept. Nov. 10, 1960. 7 p. SECRET. SANITIZED copy. Released May 24, 1979. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Office of the Special Assistant for Science and Technology: Additional Records, 1957-61, Folder: Department of Defense (7), Box 6.

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    Latin America, U.S. Policy toward [background of US policy planning for 1960; discussion of the draft policy paper; arguments for and against continuing with the paper as drafted or leaving it as a "legacy to the next Administration"]. Briefing Note, Samuel E. Belk, for Planning Board Meeting of Jan. 6, 1960. Jan. 5, 1960. 3 p. SECRET. Declassified Aug. 9, 1979. Eisenhower Library, White House Office, Project "Clean Up": Records, 1953-61, Folder: Papers Received since Jan. 10, 1961 (4), Box 1.

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    Berlin, Increasing Communist Attention to [Khrushchev's July warning that Soviets might conclude a separate peace treaty with GDR if FRG Bundestag met in Berlin in September was followed by Soviet and GDR activities re Berlin to test Western reactions and firmness: Ulbricht repeated threat of separate treaty; Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko, in letter to West Berlin Mayor Brandt, included "crude, graphic exposition of Soviet military capabilities"; Khrushchev's letter to British Prime Minister Macmillan linked nuclear war to Berlin problem; intermittent East German harassment of Western Military Liaison Mission continued with Soviet encouragement. This does not mean that a "fait accompli" is being prepared for Berlin. Soviets' Berlin policy is part of generally more militant Soviet posture since Khrushchev's withdrawal from summit and since June Bucharest meeting. Moreover, Soviet threats of unilateral action have always been part of Berlin negotiating tactics. Future Soviet pressure for solution may be accompanied by "overt rocket-rattling" and "calculated brinkmanship"]. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Report No. 8330. Aug. 25, 1960. 12 p. SECRET. NO FORN. Declassified Feb. 28, 1979.

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    [China] The Long-Term Prospects of Chinese Communism [courses of action which Soviet Foreign Policy [two articles in the Chinese Communist Party's theoretical journal, Red Flag, emphasize that wars are inevitable, that "peaceful coexistence" should not obscure the need to prepare for conflict, and that civil wars and violent revolution are almost invariably the means for Communist seizure of power. The Chinese apparently feel that the Soviets' post-Stalin revision of foreign policy is too confining and creates an atmosphere inappropriate to China's internal programs, that the Soviets are unwilling to use bloc power fully to probe the weaknesses of the West, and that an eventual accommodation between the USSR and the West may be reached which will sap Communist rationale and elan]. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Report No. 8263. May 9, 1960. 15 p. CONFIDENTIAL. Declassified Mar. 13, 1979. Kennedy Library, NSF, Countries, USSR, General, 2/15/61-2/19/61, Box 176.

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    [Nuclear weapons/nuclear energy. The President questions Defense thinking; he France's desiring its own nuclear stockpile within NATO. A stockpile should be created which will be contributed to by all NATO countries, not just the US. France could save $750 million dollars in capital outlay and $300 million in operating costs by abandoning its own diffusion plant. Eisenhower suggests that uranium might be used as gold is to back up the currency. The filling of a vacancy in AEC, travel to the moon, and a possible reorganization of scientific research are also discussed.] Memorandum of Conference [Dwight D. Eisenhower, Pres.; John McCone, Chairman, AEC; Col. John [Nuclear weapons/nuclear energy. The President questions Defense thinking; he 1978. Eisenhower Library, Papers as President of the United States, 1953-61 (Ann Whitman File), DDE Diaries, Folder: Staff Notes, Nov. 1960, Box 35.

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    [France. Preparatory discussions for Pres. Eisenhower's meeting with de Gaulle cover French and US positions on nuclear disarmament, the upcoming Paris summit, French and US stands on US-UK-France tripartite conferences, French nuclear testing in the Sahara, and de Gaulle's Algeria policy. The composition of US delegation to UN, Eisenhower's proposed trip to Nigeria, appointment of John McCloy as Spec. Asst. for Disarmament, and UK opposition to the Common Market are also discussed.] Memorandum of Conference [Dwight D. Eisenhower, Pres.; Christian A. Herter, Secy of State; Douglas Dillon, Under Secy of State; Amory Houghton, Amb. to France; Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, Staff Secy to the Pres.; Maj. John S. D. Eisenhower]. Apr. 27, 1960. 8 p. SECRET. Declassified Jan. 4, 1979. Eisenhower Library, Papers as President of the United States, 1953-61 (Ann Whitman File), DDE Diaries, Folder: Staff Notes, Apr. 1960 (1), Box 32.

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    Berlin and Germany, Recent Communist Statements regarding [statements by Khrushchev and Ulbricht and press articles have served to refocus pre-Paris summit attention on the German question. Ulbricht and Pravda have specifically endorsed an interim Berlin accord; Pravda has also hinted that Moscow would oppose any link between Berlin and disarmament problems. In a speech reiterating the Soviet maximum bargaining position, Khrushchev warned that a separate peace treaty with the GDR would result in a total loss of Allied rights and access to West Berlin, though he did not tie the separate treaty to the summit outcome; by not referring to an interim Berlin arrangement, Khrushchev might have been laying the groundwork for Soviet claims that any interim agreement represented a concession by Moscow]. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Report No. 8259. May 2, 1960. 6 p. SECRET. Declassified Feb. 28, 1979.

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    Berlin and Germany, Recent Communist Statements regarding [statements by World War II and protracted isolation have created serious demographic problems for Berlin; the birthrate is below replacement level, and the aging, largely female, population is causing social welfare problems; throughout the 1960's the professional and working force will be severely reduced by retirement and death. Berlin's demographic burden should remain supportable if ties with the FRG are maintained, general prosperity continues, and certain economic adjustments are made to correct the population balance (i.e., a narrower differential in wage rates and fringe benefits between West Germany and West Berlin); if economic changes are successfully implemented, a net in-migration of 20,000 per year from the surrounding Soviet-controlled area can reasonably be expected. However, if these countermeasures prove inadequate, Berlin will experience a gradual loss of political vitality and dynamism]. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Report No. 8321. Aug. 15, 1960. 23 p., il. Encl: Statistical Annex. 18 p. CONFIDENTIAL. NO FORN. Declassified Feb. 28, 1979.

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    [Vietnam and Vietnam War] Communist Military Posture and Capabilities vis-a-vis figures in the international money market that faintly indicate that should Kennedy become President, he would follow an "easy money" policy causing a flight from the dollar. De Gaulle and Adenauer have spoken of shifting their currency base from dollars to gold to force the US to accede to their ideas on NATO. The President says if this should happen, the US would have to pull its forces out of Europe and therefore destroy the security arrangement.] Memorandum of Conference [Dwight D. Eisenhower, Pres.; Christian A. Herter, Secy of State; and Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, Staff Secy to the Pres.]. Aug. 12, 1960. 1 p. SECRET. Declassified Dec. 18, 1978. Eisenhower Library, Papers as President of the United States, 1953-61 (Ann Whitman File), DDE Diaries, Folder: Staff Notes, August 1960 (3), Box 33.

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    1960
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